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OBJECTIVE To compare characteristic chromatogram and the contents of multiple indicator components of Morus alba decoction powder and decoction at different decoction time， and to provide experimental basis for the development of M. alba decoction. METHODS Taking decoction powder and decoction at different decoction time as subject， HPLC characteristic chromatogram of 2 kinds of samples were established with Similarity Evaluation Software System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 version）， and similarity evaluation was performed. The contents of mulberroside A， geniposide， berberine， baicalin， quercetin and luteolin in decoction powder and decoction were determined by HPLC. The contents of each indicator component and the change of total content were as the evaluation indexes to compare the difference between the two substances during decoction. RESULTS The similarities of characteristic chromatogram of the two substances ranged from 0.943 to 1.000 and 0.975 to 0.998 at different decoction time， respectively. Six indicator components of the decoction powder dissolved faster and had higher contents. The contents of each indicator component in the decoction powder when decocting at 20 minutes was 1.1-1.5 times of the decoction when decocting at 50 min， and the total content in the decoction powder was 1.2 times of the decoction. CONCLUSIONS Compared with decoction， M. alba decoction powder has the advantages of shortening the decoction time and saving traditional Chinese medicine resources. The results of this study lay a research foundation for “Zungu” to develop its preparation.
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To investigate the effects and mechanism of the combination of Morus alba L. (Sangzhi) alkaloids(SZ-A) and metformin (Met) on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice, KKAy mice were divided into four groups according to the glucose and lipid indexes: control group (control), Morus alba L. (Sangzhi) alkaloids group (SZ-A, 100 mg·kg-1), metformin group (Met, 100 mg·kg-1) and combined administration group (combination, Comb, 100 mg·kg-1 SZ-A + 100 mg·kg-1 Met). All groups were administered by gavage once daily for 7 weeks accompanied with monitoring food intake, water intake, body weight as well as glycemia. Additionally, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT) and oral sodium pyruvate tolerance test (OPTT) were performed at week 2, week 5, week 6, respectively. The experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (00004332). We determined the weight and lipid content of liver, and then performed the histopathological analysis after sacrificed. Furthermore, Western blot assay was used to detect the protein levels of key molecules of PI3K/PDK1/Akt/GLUT signaling pathway in liver, muscle and adipose tissue. Compared to the SZ-A or Met monotherapy group, SZ-A + Met significantly improved the glucose metabolism disorder, which was showed in reduced food intake, water intake, the level of fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of KKAy mice, as well as improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin sensitivity and inhibited gluconeogenesis. In addition, SZ-A + Met obviously up-regulated the protein expression levels in PI3K/PDK1/Akt/GLUT signaling pathway in liver, muscle and adipose tissue of KKAy mice. Moreover, the liver lipid accumulation and blood aminotransferase level of KKAy mice in the combined administration group were significantly reduced. Therefore, we concluded that the combination of SZ-A and Met improved glucose metabolism and inhibited the occurrence and development of T2DM via promoting glucose uptake and utilization, suggesting that the combination of SZ-A and Met is a more useful treatment for T2DM.
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Morus alba, a traditional economic crop, is also a significant medicinal plant. The branches(Mori Ramulus), leaves(Mori Folium), roots and barks(Mori Cortex), and fruits(Mori Fructus) of M. alba are rich in chemical components, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, flavanols, anthocyanins, benzofurans, phenolic acids, and polysaccharides, and possess hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, liver protective, immunoregulatory, and other pharmacological activities. This study analyzed the sources, classification, and functions of the main chemical components in M. alba and systematically summarized the latest research results of essential active components in M. alba and their pharmacological effects to provide references for in-depth research and further development as well as utilization of active components in M. alba.
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Anthocyanins , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Morus , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To stud y the correlatio n between the contents of active ingredients and the color of Morus alba ，to establish fingerprint and conduct cluster analysis of samples from different producing areas ，so as to provide reference for its quality control and evaluation. METHODS ：HPLC and HCl-Mg reaction colorimetry were used to determine the contents of morusin and total flavonoids in M. alba . The color of M. alba was observed by naked eye ，and chromaticity values （L＊，a＊，b＊） were measured by color difference meter and color aberration （E＊ab）were calculated. Pearson correlation of the contents of morusin and total flavonoids with color indicators （L＊，a＊，b＊，E＊ab）were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software. HPLC method was used to establish the fingerprint of 20 batches of M. alba from 3 different producing areas ，and the similarity analysis was carried out. K-means cluster analysis （based on the contents of morusin and total flavonoids and corlor index ）and hierarchical cluster analysis （based on relative peak area of common peaks in fingerprint ）were performed for 20 batches of samples by SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS：The average contents of morusin and total flavonoids in M. alba were 0.096 0-0.618 6 mg/g，0.48％-1.51％，which were significantly correlated with each color index （P＜0.01）. The smaller L＊，b＊，E＊ab and the larger a＊were，the higher the content of morusin was ；the higher the value of L＊，b＊，E＊ab and the smaller the value of a＊were，the higher the content of total flavonoids was. The similarity between the fingerprints of 20 batches of samples and the control ranged from 0.883 to 0.983；13 common peaks were demarcated ，and No. 1 peak was identified as chlorogenic acid. K-means cluster analysis showed that 20 batches of samples could be divided into 2 categories. Category Ⅰ were mainly from Anhui province with higher content of morusin，lower content of total flavonoids ，darker and yellowish brown color ；category Ⅱ were mainly from Sichuan province and Guizhou province ，with lower content of morusin ，higher content of total flavonoids ，lighter and yellowish white color. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis were consistent with the results. CONCLUS IONS：The color of M. alba is closely related to the contents of morusin and total flavonoids. The content of morusin in yellow-brown M. albais is higher ，while the content of total flavonoids in yellow-white M. albais is higher.
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OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for the identification and proces sing end-point determination of raw Morus alba and its processed products （honey-processed M. alba ）. METHODS ：UPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Waters BEH Shield RP C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution ） at the flow rate of 0.30 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The program wavelengths were set at 280 nm（0-4 min） and 320 nm（4-35 min）. Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatogram Fingerprint of TCM （2012 edition）was used to establish UPLC fingerprint and carry out similarity evaluation of 13 batches of M. alba and honey-processed M. alba . The chromatographic peaks were identified with reference substance fingerprint. The colorimetric value （L，a，b） of 13 batches of M. alba and honey-processed M. alba powder were determined ，and average total colorimetric value （E）was calculated. OPLS-DA and cluster analysis were adopted to analyze the differences in fingerprints and colorimetric values of M. alba before and after processing. At the same time ，the dynamic change rule of fingerprint and colorimetric value of honey-processed M. alba at different processing time points were analyzed to determine the processing end-point. RESULTS ：There were obvious differences in fingerprints before and after processing ，and the similarity of 13 batches of M. alba and honey-processed M. alba were all higher than 0.9. Totally 21 common peaks were calibrated for M. alba ，and 23 common peaks for honey-processed M. alba ；peak 1 and peak 2 were newly produced compounds of honey-processed M. alba . Peak 2，peak 7，peak 14 and peak 19 were identified as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， mulberry glucoside A ，oxidized resveratrol ，mulberry flavonoids G. Results of OPLS-DA showed that the peak area-sample quantity ratio of peak 1，peak 2，peak 18，peak 20 and the chromaticity values （L，a，b）were the most important factors affecting the difference of raw and processed products of M. alba . When the E ranged 75.84-80.88 as the processing end-point of honey-processed M. alba ，the processing time was determined as 22-34 min. CONCLUSIONS ： The established UPLC fingerprint and colorimetric value determination method can be used to identify the raw and processed products of M. alba as well as determine the processing end-point of honey-processed M. alba .
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Oxyresveratrol is a polyphenolic compound found in Mulberry (Morus alba L.) twigs and has known as a skinlightening agent. Many methods can be applied to extract oxyresveratrol from Mulberry twigs. This researchaimed to optimize the extraction method by using surfactant Tween 80 and Tween 20-based microwave-assistedextraction (MAE). Extraction parameters, including solvent concentration, liquid–solid ratio, and extraction time foroxyresveratrol, were optimized using response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken Design. This researchalso extracted the oxyresveratrol by maceration, and then the oxyresveratrol content from each extraction methodwas compared. Oxyresveratrol content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ForTween 80, the optimum condition was obtained at 10.5 mM, 30:1 ml/g liquid–solid ratio, and 10 minutes extractiontime. For Tween 20, the optimum condition was obtained at 100 mM, 40:1 ml/g liquid–solid ratio, and 5 minutesextraction time. Oxyresveratrol content was 0.0146 mg/g dried sample and 0.0172 mg/g dried sample at the optimumcondition of Tween 80 and Tween 20 surfactant, respectively. Meanwhile, the oxyresveratrol content of the macerationmethod with 96% ethanol was 1.5704 mg/g dried sample. In conclusion, these results show that the application ofTween 80 and Tween 20 as solvents for MAE of Oxyresveratrol from mulberry twigs was not fully successful sinceother extraction conditions should be considered, such as temperature, pH, and microwave energy.
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Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of alcohol extract of Mori Fructus. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and identified by chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Results: Twelve compounds were isolated from the alcohol extract of Mori Fructus, and identified as mullignanoside (1), (7R,8S)-4,7,9,9’-tetrahydroxy-3,3’-dimethoxy-8-O-4’-neolignan- 9’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 2-phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 1’-O-phenethyl-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), ergosterol peroxide (6), (24R)-6β-hydroxy-24-ethyl-cholest-4-en-3-one (7), (22E)-5α,8α- epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (8), trans-(S)-(+)-abscisic acid (9), cis-(S)-(+)-abscisic acid (10), (S)-(+)-1- methyl-abscisic-6-acid (11) and phaseic acid (12). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound named mullignanoside, and compounds 2, 7-12 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
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OBJECTIVE：To study the improvem ent effects of total flavonoids from Morus alba on glycolipid metabolism ， inflammation and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）model rats ，and to investigate the potential mechanism. METHODS：After feeding high fat diet for 8 weeks，female SD rats with FBG ＜6.67 mmol/L were caged with male SD rats . Pregnant female rats were randomly divided into control group ，GDM group ，M. alba total flavonoids low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （50，100，200 mg/kg），with 10 rats in each group. Except for control group ，other groups were given intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 25 mg/kg once to induce GDM model. After injection ，rats in each administration group were given corresponding drugs intragastrically ，control group and GDM group were given normal saline 10 mL/kg intragastrically ， once a day ，for consecutive 18 days. The levels of FBG were determined on the 3rd，7th and 18th day of pregnancy （G3d，G7d and G18 d）；the levels of blood lipids （TG，TC，LDL-C，HDL-C）and inflammatory factors （TNF-α，IL -6，IL-8），oxidative stress indicators（MDA，SOD，GSH，CAT）in serum were determined on G 18d. The protein and mRNA expressions of PPARγ and NF-κB， the expression of AMPK mRNA and p-AMPK protein were measured by Real-time-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS ： Compared with control group ，the levels of FBG （G3d，G7d，G18d），TG，TC，LDL-C，TNF-α，IL-6，IL-8 and MDA ，protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB in GDM group were significantly increased，while the levels of SOD ，GSH and CAT ，the expressions of PPARγ protein and mRNA，AMPK mRNA and p-AMPK fcksjf@126.com protein were significantly decreased （P＜0.01）. Compared with GDM group ，the levels of FBG （G3 d，G7 d，G18 d），TG， huawei99@163.com TC，LDL-C in M. alba total flavonoids medium-dose and high- dose groups and the levels of TNF-α，IL-6，IL-8 and MDA ，protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB in M. alba total flavonoids groups were significantly decreased ；the levels of SOD ，GSH and CAT ，the expressions of PPARγ protein and mRNA， AMPK mRNA and p-AMPK protein were significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Total flavonoids from M. alba can improve the glycolipid metablism ，inflammation and oxidative stress in GDM model rats ，the mechanism of which may be related to the activation of PPARγ pathway.
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ABSTRACT: Extraction conditions are an important factor in the process of obtaining bioactive compounds from plant matrix. These compounds differ structurally. Structures of phyto-compounds and their interactions with other food ingredient are not fully known, while these two aspects should play a significant role in extrahents choice and determination of extraction process conditions. Mulberry (Morus alba) is a plant growing in Asia, which fruits are rich in bioactive ingredients and high anti-oxidative potential. In our study we analyzed mulberry fruits extracts differing in the extra hent applied: acetone, methanol, ethanol and water. All tested extracts possessed rich polyphenolic composition and radical scavenging ability. The significant differences among the extracts in phenolic acids and flavonoids compositions were noticed, where the highest values were observed for acetone extract. The extrahent applied affects the antioxidative profile of tested samples, as well. The highest scavenging activity against ABTS was observed for acetone and ethanol extracts, while the poorest activity had water extract. Similar results were provided for ferrous ion reducing test and Fe chlating activity (acetone>ethanol>methanol>water). These results are helpful when selecting solvents with appropriate bioactive compounds compositions and high phytochemical profiles to be used as ingredients in supplements, as well as in functional foods.
RESUMO: As condições de extração são um fator importante no processo de obtenção de compostos bioativos da matriz vegetal. Estes compostos diferem-se estruturalmente. As estruturas de fito conjugações e suas interações com outros ingredientes alimentares não são totalmente conhecidas, enquanto esses dois aspectos devem desempenhar um papel significativo na escolha de extrações e na determinação das condições do processo de extração. A amoreira (Morus alba) é uma planta que cresce na Ásia, cujos frutos são ricos em ingredientes bioativos e com alto potencial antioxidante. Em nosso estudo, analisamos extratos de frutos de amoreira diferindo no extraente aplicado: acetona, metanol, etanol e água. Todos os extratos testa dos possuíam composição polifenólica rica e capacidade de eliminação de radicais livres. As diferenças significativas entre os extratos em composições de ácidos fenólicos e flavonóides foram observadas, em que os maiores valores foram observados para o extrato de acetona. O extraente aplicado afeta também o perfil antioxidante das amostras testadas. A maior atividade de eliminação contra o ABTS foi observada para a acetone e etanol extração, enquanto a atividade mais pobre tinha água. Resultados semelhantes foram fornecidos para teste de redução de íons ferrosos e atividade de aglutinação de Fe (acetona>etanol>metanol>água). Estes resultados são úteis na seleção de solventes com composições apropriadas de compostos bioativos e altos perfis fitoquímicos para serem usados como ingredientes em suplementos, bem como em alimentos funcionais.
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The research and development of classical famous prescriptions is an important way to actively promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine.It is particularly important to sort out the historical evolution of the composition of traditional famous prescriptions to make clear the origin，producing areas and concocting methods of traditional Chinese medicine，which is the source of ensuring the safety and efficacy.Through literature review，it is found that at present，the research of mulberry white skin focuses on chemical composition，pharmacological mechanism and modern clinical research，and there are few ancient literature studies.Therefore，based on the ancient literature，the author conducts a comprehensive textual research on mulberry bark from its name，origin，producing areas and concocting methods and other aspects，in order to provide literature reference for the research and development of the prescription involving mulberry bark in the classic prescription.Through research，we can know that there are more than 20 aliases of mulberry bark，and the most commonly used names in modern times are "sangbaipi""sanggenbaipi""sangpi"，etc.In Tang and Song dynasties and before，mulberry bark was mainly composed of Morus alba var. alba and jisang，after Tang and Song dynasties，mulberry bark plant sources showed diversity，in modern times，Morus alba var. alba was gradually identified as the main medicinal species of mulberry bark.Therefore，it is suggested that Morus alba var. alba be selected as the plant source of mulberry bark.According to ancient books，mulberry trees are cultivated everywhere，with Jiangsu，Zhejiang and Sichuan as the best areas，and Henan and Anhui as the most popular areas in modern times.The conclusion of ancient and modern quality of mulberry bark is basically the same，the root skin is white，thick and sweet.The morden concocting methods of mulberry bark mainly include raw mulberry bark，honey mulberry bark and fried mulberry bark.According to the textual research of ancient literature，in addition to the above three kinds of medical specifications，there have been concocting methods without auxiliary materials，such as burning，baking and roasting，as well as concocting methods with auxiliary materials，such as bran roasting，rice swill soaking，honey wine roasting，etc.The concocting methods of mulberry bark used by the classical famous recipe should be selected in combination with specific drug provisions.
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@#Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a wide spread metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. In Pakistan, many traditional or medicinal plants are being used to treat ailments or disorders, both in children and adults. To date, there has been no research study done to investigate the effect of Morus alba (white mulberry) leaves on blood glucose levels of individuals with type II diabetes mellitus in Pakistan. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of Morus alba (white mulberry) leaf powder on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Methods: The study design of this study was a randomised controlled trial. Eighty patients with type II diabetes mellitus were randomly selected from the Fatima Memorial Hospital and were equally divided into two groups - control group and experimental group. Patients in the control group were asked to follow their regular hypoglycaemic medications, while patients in the experimental group were administered with 500mg of Morus alba leaf tablet twice a day, 15 minutes before breakfast and dinner, along with their regular hypoglycaemic medications. HbA1c of patients in both groups were assessed on day zero before the study and on the ninetieth day at study completion. Results: HbA1c of patients in the control group at baseline was 8.92% and 8.91% at final, whereas HbA1c of patients in the experimental group at baseline was 9.13% and 8.59% at final. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that Morus alba leaves had a significant effect in lowering high blood sugar levels.
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Immunotoxicity is defined as adverse effects on the functioning of the immune system that results from exposure to chemical substances. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate immunomodulating effect of Morus alba (500mg/kg B.w.) against immunotoxicity induced by sub-acute exposure of Fipronil (10mg/kg B.w.) in rats. Sub-acute immunotoxicity was conducted in adult male wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups (6 rats/group). Group I served as control in which corn oil (acting as a vehicle of Fipronil) was administered @10 ml/kg B.w. Group II served as Fipronil treated group @10 mg/kg B.w. In Group III Fipronil along with Morus alba fruits extract @ 300 mg/kg B.w. was administered and in Group IV Morus alba fruits extract @ 300 mg/kg B.w. was administered. Vehicle, Fipronil and Morus alba were administered daily to the rats by oral gavage for 28 days. The dose of fipronil was selected on the basis of LD50 in rats. TLC, DLC, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio, serum antibody titer/haemagglutination (HA) titer and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response were estimated. Fipronil produced immunotoxicity in the form of alteration from normal values in these parameters. Morus alba was significantly effective in restoration of these parameters towards normal. The study suggested that Morus alba has immunomodulating potential against toxicity induced by fipronil in rats.
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Background: Morus alba commonly known as white mulberry has been widely cultivated to feed silkworms. This widely grown plant has been in use by tribals of this country for ailments such as asthma, cough, bronchitis, edema, insomnia, wound healing, diabetes, influenza, eye infections and nose bleeds. Various parts of morus alba linn are used as an cardioprotective, hepatoprotective anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, free radical scavenging activity and neuro-protective agent. In this study, anti-psychotic property of M. alba leaves extract (MAE) was evaluated by Haloperidol induced catalepsy model in rats.Methods: In this study Haloperidol induced catalepsy model was used to evaluate antipsychotic effects in rats. Haloperidol (1 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to rats (n=6) pretreated with vehicle (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or MAE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, i.p).Results: In control treated animals, haloperidol produced the maximum catalepsy at 90 min 212.66 ±10.23. In animals treated with MAE at dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly potentiated haloperidol induced catalepsy at each time interval, in a dose dependent manner. At dose 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, animals treated with MAE showed maximum cataleptic score of 228.33±12.29, 265.66±7.33 and 274.16±8.86 respectively at 120 min (p<0.001).Conclusions: Results indicate that the MAE have anti-psychotic effects in haloperidol induced catalepsy model in rats.
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Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that continues to present a major worldwide health problem, characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action associated with chronic hyperglycaemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. It is fast growing disease, gains the status of a potential epidemic in India with prevalence of more than 62 million diabetic individuals currently diagnosed with the diabetes.Methods: The study was conducted at Department of Pharmacology, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool for a period of 1 year from January 2017 to December 2018. Animals used were albino rats, of Wistar strain, weighing between 150-200gm of either sex. The animals were divided into six groups as: control group (I); pathogenic control group (II) injected intravenously (i.v.) with single dose of STZ (60mg/kg); Morus alba stem bark extract (group-III; 200mg/kg), and group-IV (400mg/kg); group-V animals treated with glibenclamide (5mg/kg, p.o.) following STZ treatment; group-VI, animals treated with bark extract per se (400 mg/kg).Results: The results of this study showed a significant decrease blood glucose level, glycosylated heamoglobin level, and reduction in glutathione and insulin level after STZ administration. These parameters were significantly (p<0.05) reversed by extracts dose dependently.Conclusions: Thus, authors conclude that M. alba stem bark extracts produced significant antidiabetic and antioxidant effect which might be due to the presence of bioactive components such as phenolic and flavonoid content in the extract. The study warrants the need for further evaluated in certain other models of diabetes.
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Background: The mulberry tree, a plant of the family Moraceae and the genus Morus, has been widely cultivated to feed silkworms. Various parts of Morus alba linn used as an Anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, free radical scavenging activity and neuroprotective agent. The plant contains flavonoids, moranoline, albanol, morusin coumarine, and stilbene, which have. In this study, anticonvulsant property of Morus alba leaves extract (MAE) was evaluated by using MES and PTZ induced convulsion in rats.Methods: Effects of MAE were evaluated in experimental models of electro convulsions, maximal electro shock (MES) and chemoconvulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in rats (n=6), which were treated intraperitonially with doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg.Results: The duration of tonic hind limb extension (seconds) with MAE in MES induced convulsions at dose of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg is 8.33�21, 6.83�16 & 3.16�98 respectively. In the dose of 400 mg/kg of MAE showed highly significant results by reducing the duration of tonic hind limb extension in MES induced convulsions. And onset of jerky movements (seconds) with MAE in PTZ induced convulsions at dose of 100, 200, 400mg/kg is 157.83�99, 195.66�.02 and 295.50�.10 respectively. In the dose of 400mg/kg of MAE showed highly significant results by delaying the onset of convulsions.Conclusions: Results indicate that the MAE have anticonvulsant effects in MES induced convulsions and in PTZ induced convulsions.
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Morus alba L., known as white mulberry, is a medicinal plant belongs to family Moraceae. It has long been used commonly in Ayurvedic for the treatment of lung-heat, cough, asthma, hematemesis, dropsy and hypertension. In the present study, seven prenylated flavonoids, along with four benzofuran compounds were isolated by means of repeated column chromatography. The structures of the known compounds were identified as kuwanon G (1), kuwanon E (2), kuwanon T (3), morusin (4), sanggenon A (5), sanggenon M (6), sanggenol A (7), moracin R (8), mulberofuran G (9), mulberofuran A (10) and mulberofuran B (11), by comparing their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. For these isolates, containing trace compounds, the inhibitory activity against IL-6 production in TNF-α stimulated MG-63 cells was examined. All isolated compounds (1
Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma , Chromatography , Cough , Edema , Flavonoids , Hematemesis , Hypertension , Interleukin-6 , Moraceae , Morus , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The white mulberry leaves are typically available on the market in dried or encapsulated form. It was assumed in the study that appropriate drying of leaves of the white mulberry is significant for obtaining intermediate products with high content of compounds having anti-oxidative activity. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the temperature of mulberry leaves air drying on the content of phenolic acids and flavonols. It has been determined that the content of these compounds in the leaves depended on the drying temperature. Drying at 60 °C favored release of phenolic acids and flavonols from complexes and/or formation of new compounds. Their total content was 22% higher than in leaves dried at 30 °C. Drying at 90 °C reduced the phenolic acid and flavonol content by 24%. The most favorable drying temperature was 60 °C.
RESUMO: As folhas da amoreira branca estão normalmente disponíveis no mercado em forma seca ou encapsulada. Assumiu-se no estudo que a secagem adequada das folhas da amora branca é importante para a obtenção de produtos intermediários com alto teor de compostos com atividade antioxidante. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a influência da temperatura de secagem de ar de folhas de amoreira sobre o teor de ácidos fenólicos e flavonóis. Foi determinado que o conteúdo destes compostos nas folhas dependia da temperatura de secagem. Secagem a 60 °C favoreceu a liberação de ácidos fenólicos e flavonóis a partir de complexos e / ou formação de novos compostos. Seu teor total foi 22% superior ao das folhas secas a 30 °C. A secagem a 90 °C reduziu o teor de ácido fenólico e flavonol em 24%. A temperatura de secagem mais favorável foi de 60 °C.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents from root bark of Morus alba and their α-glucosidase inhibition and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatographies on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HR-ESI-MS. Results: Thirteen compounds 1–13 were isolated and identified. The bioactive assays revealed that compounds 1, 3 and 8 displayed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of (147.1 ± 1.1), (314.1 ± 0.8), and (207.6 ± 0.1) µmol/L, respectively, which were stronger than the positive control of acarbose (418.6 ± 0.1 µmol/L). Compounds 10 and 11 displayed potent DPPH scavenging activity with EC50 values of (2.9 ± 0.1) and (5.0 ± 0.1) µmol/L [EC50 of positive control Vitamin C was (54.8 ± 0.1) µmol/L], respectively. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the compounds 1, 3, and 8 of M. alba with α-glucosidase inhibitory effects.
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Objective To investigate the Diels-Alder adducts from cell suspension cultures of Morus alba. Methods A variety of column chromatography (CC) including silica gel CC, Sephadex LH-20 CC, C18 CC, and semi-preparative HPLC were used to separate Diels-Alder adducts from cell cultures of M. alba. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and various spectroscopic experiments, including MS, NMR, and ECD. Results Eight Diels-Alder adducts were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract of M. alba, and determined as mongolicin H (1), morbilisin J (2), mongolicin F (3), mulberrofuran G (4), artonin D (5), kuwanon R (6), morbilisin C (7), and mulberrofuran E (8). Conclusion Compounds 1-8 are all Diels-Alder adducts and show medium cytotoxic activity, and compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the simultaneous determination of content of 6 active components as neochlorogenic acid,mulberroside A,chlorogenic acid,astragalin,sanggenon C and morusin in Morus alba,and to provide reference for improving quality control standard of M. alba. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent 5 TC-C18with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detection wavelength of 280 nm. RESULTS:The mass concentration linear range of neochlorogenic acid, mulberroside A,chlorogenic acid,astragalin,sanggenon C and morusin were 0.001 06-0.042 4,0.001 67-0.066 8,0.007 95-0.318, 0.001 65-0.066 0,0.005 00-0.200 and 0.001 24-0.049 6 mg/mL,respectively(all r≥0.999 6);the limits of quantitation were 0.11, 0.14,0.81,0.17,0.45 and 0.12 μg/mL,respectively;the limits of detection were 0.04,0.05,0.41,0.07,0.18 and 0.04 μg/mL, respectively;RSDs of precision test were 0.26%,0.31%,0.24%,0.27%,0.36% and 0.44%(n=6),respectively;RSDs of stability test were 0.68%,0.54%,0.62%,0.53%,0.41% and 0.73%(n=6),respectively;average method recovery rates were 99.1%,98.8%,98.8%,98.4%,98.5% and 99.9%(RSDs were 0.5%-1.5%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 6 active components in M.alba.